Introduction to Sorting Algorithms

Sorting algorithms are methods used to arrange data in a specific order (usually ascending or descending).

Let's look into classical problem statement:

Given an array $A$ of $N$ elements, rearrange them so that $A[1] \leq A[2] \leq \ldots \leq A[N]$ (or in descending order).

A valid solution must:

1. Reorder elements (not change their values)