Multi-dimensional arrays

Multi-dimensional arrays

Two-Dimensional Arrays

In the previous chapter, we learned how to work with one-dimensional arrays, which represent a set of elements arranged in a single line. Now let's move on to more complex data structures - two-dimensional arrays.

Definition of Two-Dimensional Arrays

A two-dimensional array represents a table or grid of elements that are organized in rows and columns. Each element of a two-dimensional array has two indices: one for the row and one for the column.

To declare a two-dimensional array, use the following syntax:

Working with Two-Dimensional Arrays

Let's look at an example of a two-dimensional array representing a 3x3 table with integers:

In this example, we declared a two-dimensional array matrix with three rows and three columns. Each element of the array has two indices:

• one for the row
• one for the column

For example, element matrix[0][0] is located in the upper left corner of the table.

Assigning Values to Two-Dimensional Array Elements

We can assign values to elements of a two-dimensional array like this:

Now each element of the matrix array has its own value.

Getting Values of Two-Dimensional Array Elements

We can also get values of two-dimensional array elements using their indices:

The output will be as follows:

Thus, two-dimensional arrays allow us to store data in tabular form and conveniently access elements by their coordinates.

Using Loops with Two-Dimensional Arrays

For working with two-dimensional arrays, it's very convenient to use nested loops:

Two-Dimensional Array Initialization During Declaration

You can also initialize a two-dimensional array immediately upon declaration:

Or in one line:

User Input into Two-Dimensional Array

Practical Applications of Two-Dimensional Arrays

Two-dimensional arrays are often used for:

1. Representing matrices in mathematics
2. Storing data in tabular form
3. Creating game fields (e.g., for tic-tac-toe)
4. Working with images (pixels as array elements)

Example: Finding Maximum Element

Conclusion

Two-dimensional arrays are a powerful tool for working with tabular data. They extend the capabilities of one-dimensional arrays, allowing you to organize data in rows and columns, making them ideal for many practical programming tasks.